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Thomas Willis (27 January 1621 – 11 November 1675) was an English doctor who played an important part in the history of anatomy, neurology and psychiatry. He was a founding member of the Royal Society. ==Life== Willis was born on his parents' farm in Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire, where his father held the stewardship of the Manor. He was a kinsman of the Willys baronets of Fen Ditton, Cambridgeshire. He graduated M.A. from Christ Church, Oxford in 1642.〔(Willis, Thomas ). The Galileo Project. Galileo.rice.edu. Retrieved on 17 July 2012.〕 In the Civil War years he was a royalist, dispossessed of the family farm at North Hinksey by Parliamentary forces. In the 1640s Willis was one of the royal physicians to Charles I of England.〔Lisa Jardine, ''On a Grander Scale'', HarperCollins, 2004, ISBN 006095910X, p. 54.〕 Less grandly, once qualified B. Med. in 1646, he began as an active physician by regularly attending the market at Abingdon.〔 He maintained an Anglican position; an Anglican congregation met at his lodgings in the 1650s, including John Fell, John Dolben, and Richard Allestree.〔〔Nicholas Tyacke, ''The History of the University of Oxford'': Volume IV: Seventeenth-Century Oxford (1984), p. 804.〕 Fell's father Samuel Fell had been expelled as Dean of Christ Church, in 1647; Willis married Samuel Fell's daughter Mary,〔Allan Chapman, ''England's Leonardo: Robert Hooke and the Seventeenth-century Scientific Revolution'', Institute of Physics, 2005, ISBN 0750309873, p. 20.〕 and brother-in-law John Fell would later be his biographer. He employed Robert Hooke as an assistant, in the period 1656-8; this probably was another Fell family connection, since Samuel Fell knew Hooke's father in Freshwater, Isle of Wight.〔(Restoration man ). Oxford Today, Vol. 15, No. 3 (2003).〕〔Lisa Jardine, ''The Curious Life of Robert Hooke'', HarperCollins, 2003, p. 66.〕 One of several Oxford cliques of those interested in science grew up around Willis and Christ Church. Besides Hooke, others in the group were Nathaniel Hodges, John Locke, Richard Lower, Henry Stubbe and John Ward.〔Hilde de Ridder-Symoens, Walter Rüegg, ''A History of the University in Europe'' (1996), p. 547.〕 (Locke went on to study with Thomas Sydenham, who would become Willis's leading rival, and who both politically and medically held some incompatible views.〔Wayne Glausser, (''Locke and Blake: A Conversation Across the Eighteenth Century'' ), University Press of Florida, 1998, ISBN 0813015707, p. 49.〕) In the broader Oxford scene, he was a colleague in the "Oxford club" of experimentalists with Ralph Bathurst, Robert Boyle, William Petty, John Wilkins and Christopher Wren.〔 ISBN 1855067048.〕 Willis was on close terms with Wren's sister Susan Holder, skilled in the healing of wounds.〔(BIOGRAPHIES: Susan Holder (1627-1688) ). She-philosopher.com (27 September 2009). Retrieved on 17 July 2012.〕 Willis lived on Merton Street, Oxford, from 1657 to 1667. In 1656 and 1659 he published two significant medical works, ''De Fermentatione'' and ''De Febribus''. These were followed by the 1664 volume on the brain, which was a record of collaborative experimental work. From 1660 until his death, he was Sedleian Professor of Natural Philosophy at Oxford. At the time of the formation of the Royal Society of London, he was on the 1660 list of priority candidates, and became a Fellow in 1661.〔Margery Purvey, ''The Royal Society: Concept and Creation'', M.I.T. Press 1967, pp. 138–9.〕 Henry Stubbe became a polemical opponent of the Society, and used his knowledge of Willis's earlier work before 1660 to belittle some of the claims made by its proponents.〔Jon Parkin, (''Science, Religion and Politics in Restoration England'' ) (1999), p. 134 ISBN 0861932412.〕 Willis later worked as a physician in Westminster, London, this coming about after he treated Gilbert Sheldon in 1666.〔 He had a successful medical practice, in which he applied both his understanding of anatomy and known remedies, attempting to integrate the two; he mixed both iatrochemical and mechanical views.〔Andrew Wear, (''Knowledge and Practice in English Medicine, 1550–1680'' ), Cambridge University Press, 2000, ISBN 0521558271, p. 446.〕〔Allen G. Debus, (''Alchemy and Early Modern Chemistry: Papers from Ambix'' ), Jeremy Mills Publishing, 2004, ISBN 0954648412, p. 364.〕 According to Noga Arikha Among his patients was the philosopher Anne Conway, whom he had intimate relations with, but although he was consulted, Willis failed to relieve her headaches.〔Carol Wayne White, (''The Legacy of Anne Conway (1631–1679): Reverberations from a Mystical Naturalism'' ), SUNY Press, 2008, ISBN 0791474658, p. 6.〕 Willis is mentioned in John Aubrey's ''Brief Lives''; their families became linked generations later through the marriage of Aubrey's distant cousin Sir John Aubrey, 6th Baronet of Llantrithyd to Martha Catherine Carter, the grand-niece of Sir William Willys, 6th Baronet of Fen Ditton. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thomas Willis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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